RESUMO
Several committees were established by the National Association of Physicians for the Environment to investigate and report on various topics at the National Leadership Conference on Biomedical Research and the Environment held at the 1--2 November 1999 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. This is the report of the Committee on Minimization and Management of Wastes from Biomedical Research. Biomedical research facilities contribute a small fraction of the total amount of wastes generated in the United States, and the rate of generation appears to be decreasing. Significant reductions in generation of hazardous, radioactive, and mixed wastes have recently been reported, even at facilities with rapidly expanding research programs. Changes in the focus of research, improvements in laboratory techniques, and greater emphasis on waste minimization (volume and toxicity reduction) explain the declining trend in generation. The potential for uncontrolled releases of wastes from biomedical research facilities and adverse impacts on the general environment from these wastes appears to be low. Wastes are subject to numerous regulatory requirements and are contained and managed in a manner protective of the environment. Most biohazardous agents, chemicals, and radionuclides that find significant use in research are not likely to be persistent, bioaccumulative, or toxic if they are released. Today, the primary motivations for the ongoing efforts by facilities to improve minimization and management of wastes are regulatory compliance and avoidance of the high disposal costs and liabilities associated with generation of regulated wastes. The committee concluded that there was no evidence suggesting that the anticipated increases in biomedical research will significantly increase generation of hazardous wastes or have adverse impacts on the general environment. This conclusion assumes the positive, countervailing trends of enhanced pollution prevention efforts by facilities and reductions in waste generation resulting from improvements in research methods will continue.
Assuntos
Poluição Ambiental/prevenção & controle , Resíduos Perigosos , Eliminação de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Eliminação de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde/métodos , Tecnologia Biomédica , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Indústria Farmacêutica , Arquitetura de Instituições de Saúde , Humanos , Liderança , Formulação de Políticas , Política PúblicaRESUMO
A series of 2-bromo-1-hydroxyquinolizinium bromide substituted anilinium salts have been prepared by reaction of 1-acetoxy-2-bromoquinolizinium bromide with an appropriately substituted aniline. The resulting anilinium derivatives exhibited a moderate to high degree of anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema assay. The most active anilinium salt of the series was evaluated for antiarthritic activity in the adjuvant induced arthritis rat model.
Assuntos
Compostos de Anilina/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Quinolizinas/síntese química , Compostos de Anilina/farmacologia , Animais , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Masculino , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
The synthesis and antiulcerogenic evaluation of a series of 2-(substituted phenylimino)-2H-quinolizines are described. The most active compound, the 4-chlorophenylimido derivative, inhibited ulcer formation by 98%.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/síntese química , Quinolizinas/síntese química , Animais , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
A series of 2-arylimidazo[4,5-f]quinolin-9-ols has been prepared by a multistep procedure from various 5-aminobenzimidazoles. These compounds possess a significant degree of anthelmintic activity against the mouse tapeworm Hymenolepis nana. The most active compound is the 2-(2-furyl) analogue. Additional anthelmintic testing is reported for this compound.
Assuntos
Hidroxiquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Teníase/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/síntese química , Cães , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Hidroxiquinolinas/síntese química , Imidazóis/síntese química , Camundongos , Moniezíase/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológico , Oxyuroidea , OvinosRESUMO
The synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a number of 2-(substituted phenylureido)-4-thiocyanatobenzothiazoles are described. The more active compounds against the test organisms in vitro generally were those substituted with halogens on the phenyl and benzothiazole rings.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , Tiazóis/síntese química , Corynebacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tiazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
A series of 1-(substituted cinnamamido)-2,4-imidazolidinediones has been prepared from the corresponding cinnamoyl chlorides and 1-amino-2,4-imidazolidinedione hydrochloride in pyridine. These compounds possess a significant degree of anthelmintic activity against the mouse pinworm Syphacia obvelata. The most active compounds are those substituted with halogen or cyano groups.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/síntese química , Imidazóis/síntese química , Animais , Antinematódeos/síntese química , Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Cinamatos/síntese química , Cinamatos/uso terapêutico , Imidazóis/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Oxiuríase/tratamento farmacológico , OxyuroideaRESUMO
2-(3,4-Dichloroanilino)quinolizinium bromide (3) was prepared by reaction of 2-bromoquinolizinium bromide with 3,4-dichloroaniline in ethanol. This compound possesses unique antispasmodic, antisecretory, and antiulcerogenic properties.
